A look at the Crusaders, which shows how they pursued long-term plans and clear strategic goals. Medieval states, and particularly Crusader societies, often have been considered brutish and culturally isolated. It seems unlikely that they could develop ‘strategy’ in any meaningful sense. However, the Crusaders were actually highly organized in their thinking and their decision making was rarely random. In this account, Steve Tibble draws on a rich array of primary sources to reassess events on the ground and patterns of behavior over time. He shows how, from aggressive castle building to implementing a series of invasions of Egypt, Crusader leaders tenaciously pursued long-term plans and devoted single-minded attention to clear strategic goals–